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1440×2042Time > Before World War II,almost no one had air-conditioning at home. Besides being financially impractical,culturally odd,it was also dangerous. Chemical refrigerants like sulfur dioxide,methyl chloride filled most fridges,coolers,,leaks could kill a child,poison a hospital floor,even blow up a basement. Everything changed the invention of Freon in 1928. Non-toxic,non-explosive,Freon was hailed as a “miracle.” It made the modernist skyscraper—its sealed windows,heat-absorbing materials—possible. It made living in the desert possible. The small,winter resort of Phoenix,Arizona,became a year-round attraction. Architecture could now ignore the local climate. Anywhere could be 65ºF 55% humidity. Cheap materials made boxy,suburban tract housing affordable to most Americans,but the sealed-up,stifling design of these homes required air-conditioning to keep the heat at bay. Quickly,air-conditioning transitioned from a luxury to a necessity. 1980,more than half of all U.S. homes were air-conditioned. And despite millions of Black Americans fleeing the violence of Jim Crow,the South saw greater in-migration than out-migration for the first time—a direct result of AC. The American car was similarly transformed. In 1955,only 10 percent of American cars had air-conditioning. Thirty years later,it came standard.
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