Ground penetrating radar detects electrical discontinuities in the shallow subsurface (<50m) by generating pulses of high-frequency electromagnetic energy and detecting the reflections from the ...

We test different GPR designs for ice penetration and sub-surface imaging. We determine the electrical characteristics of concrete cores for studying weathering effects and moisture retention. We ...

This survey involved completion of both electromagnetic induction (EMI) and 3D ground penetrating radar (3DGPR) data collection. Results of the geophysical data collection were analyzed to ...