Activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) occur in patients with systolic heart failure. Then mainstay of therapy for this disorder is ...

Beta blockers act by blocking the β-receptors of the sympathetic nervous system ... Newer drugs act on the renin–angiotensin system, a hormone system that regulates long-term blood pressure.

Treatment has traditionally consisted of a diuretic, an angiotensin-converting ... Overstimulation of the sympathetic nervous system is believed to contribute to mortality. Beta-blockers have ...