There is a biphasic (neuro)endocrine response to critical illness. The acute phase is characterized by an actively secreting pituitary, but the concentrations of most peripheral effector hormones ...

This biphasic action—inhibition in high concentrations and stimulation in low concentrations—has been observed with a wide variety of substances, including narcotics, cyanide, pyrithiamine 1 ...

The universal response of baby mammals to separation from the mother is biphasic; first protest, then despair. The initial response to separation from the mother is to protest with loud cries and ...