Diffusion happens naturally and so does not require energy. Substances like oxygen, carbon dioxide and glucose move in and out of cells by diffusion. If I spray a little perfume over here, ...

Scientists who model membrane structure and dynamics ... On the other hand, cell membranes restrict diffusion of highly charged molecules, such as ions, and large molecules, such as sugars and ...

Endocytosis occurs when the cell membrane engulfs particles (dark blue) outside the cell, draws the contents in, and forms an intracellular vesicle called an endosome. This vesicle travels through ...

Materials being examined currently are the electrolyte membrane, gas diffusion layer, catalyst, and ionomer. We examine material function at glucose concentrations similar to physiological levels to ...