By 1700, global trade was deeply entrenched in colonial expansion, financial innovation, and the increasing demand for luxury and staple goods.

The Berlin Conference, held from November 1884 to February 1885, resulted in the ratification of the General Act, accelerating European colonial expansion in what is known as the Scramble for Africa.

Far-right settler violence, repression of local resistance, ethnic cleansing, and genocide are not just the preserve of the ...