Physiological extracellular matrix (ECM) calcification or mineralization is restricted to bones, teeth and the hypertrophic zone of growth plate cartilage. In contrast, pathological ECM ...

For example, a bacterium traveling through the human gut can experience pHs ranging from highly acidic (pH 2-3) to basic (pH 8-9 ... called EPS (i.e., extracellular polymeric substances) (Figure ...

Neurons may get all the glory, but they would be nothing without glial cells. While brain cells do the heavy lifting in the ...