The solar cells were built on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate coated with titanium dioxide (c-TiO 2), an electron selective layer made of mesoporous titanium dioxide (m-TiO 2), a ...

The silicon oxide fibers are then fused together at high temperatures to produce felt wafers. The wafers are initially coated with a transparent thin film of fluorine-doped tin oxide, and then ...