S1 and S2 are normal heart sounds. Other heart sounds, such as S3 and S4, are abnormal. The heart has four ... One standard test is an echocardiogram (echo), a noninvasive ultrasound of the ...

Heart disease remains one of ... Angiography is not typically used as a first-line screening tool. Instead, it is reserved for patients who have abnormal findings from initial screenings or ...

Methods: One hundred and two consecutive patients (68 males, 34 females) requested to perform an exercise stress test ... a normal heart rate reserve (Group1, n = 72) and those having an abnormal ...

Background The primary objective of pre-participation screening in athletes is the detection of potentially lethal cardiac conditions. The American Heart Association (AHA ... and 1 short QT syndrome.