Their activity determines how cells function and respond to ... appeared at crucial points during the evolution of the human lineage. One-fifth of TF-encoding genes reside in high-density clusters ...

Two fossils named Ardi and Lucy provide evidence for human evolution. Both were found in Africa. Ardi is a female human-like fossilised skeleton that dates from 4.4 million years ago. Ardi's bones ...

After the rapidly expanding australopithecines, it is a relief to find the next 1.5 million years of human evolution looking rather simpler. One hominin—Homo erectus—becomes supreme ...

In particular, it explains that humans have one fewer chromosome pair in their cells than apes, due to a mutation found in chromosome number 2 that caused two chromosomes to fuse into one.

The evolutionary changes underlying these features were significant in allowing the evolution ... One of these SNPs stood out ...

But within the past decade, it's become possible to assay cell nuclei one ... Evolution is about more than merely changing genes. "Differential gene expression is really how human brains evolved ...

However, the cells in one area of the brain may differ from ... Accelerated cell-type-specific regulatory evolution of the human brain, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2024).