Caption An image from a portable fundus photography camera used by CU ophthalmology residents shows severe papilledema from malignant idiopathic intracranial hypertension. The images became the ...

I thank Professor Schmidt for his remarks. He expands on using funduscopy in hypertensive emergencies and also distinguishes papilledema as a differential diagnosis to papillary swelling in the ...

[31] Severe, hypertensive retinopathy is characterized by flame hemorrhages and vascular leakage. This retinopathy results in the formation of retinal edema and hard exudates. Optic nerve swelling ...

In addition, signs of hypertensive choroidopathy were present, namely (1) depigmented spots at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium representing prior occlusions of the choriocapillaries ...