This column provides an overview of restraint in psittacine birds and administration of subcutaneous fluids and intramuscular injections. The principles described here may be also used on other ...

The subcutaneous injection was given in the scruff of the neck and the intramuscular injection was made in the upper thigh.

and 0.5% were intradermal, while in adults, the incidence was 1.3 and 0.6%, respectively. The frequency of IM injections was greater in boys and negligible among adult women. Subcutaneous fat ...

Because the skin contains large numbers of antigen-presenting cells, intradermal vaccination often elicits antibody response more efficiently than does intramuscular vaccination. In two open-label ...