Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is the narrowing of the central canal and, often, the lateral recess due to facet joint hypertrophy, thickening and bulging of the ligamentum flavum, bulging of an ...

It is composed of transverse processes, facet joints, two pedicles, two laminae, and a spinous process. In the lumbar spine, the bony arch is quite bulky, providing the necessary support for ...