Parasitism: Rafflesia, the world’s largest flower, takes water and nutrients from the host plant it grows on.

Both of the plant species have a mutualistic relationship with the pollinator, but the relative fidelity of each mutualism affects the outcome of the competitive interaction between the two plant ...

Symbiotic relationships are the close associations formed between pairs of species. They come in a variety of forms ... In Madagascar, some geckos have been observed lapping up the honeydew produced ...

If the ants become too aggressive in their pruning behaviors, the relationship between the ants and plant may shift from mutualism to parasitism. As a means to "cheat the cheater," some plants ...

“We mostly think about plant signaling as targeting sight and smell, but here these plants are not so much giving a ‘shout out’ but a ‘shout back’ to the bats to come on over,” Rohan Clarke, an ...

Symbiotic relationships can occur between two plant species, two animal species ... one organism benefits while the other is unaffected. Mutualism is a relationship in which both organisms ...