Although currently all commercial OLED products ... through the cathode ('top emission'). The advantage of the bottom-emitting device is that it is a simpler structure (Fig. 1a).

Smart phones and televisions that use organic electroluminescence display are coming into use and “organic EL or OLED” has ... is called a bottom emission structure. A top emission structure ...

One issue in realizing practical flexible OLED displays is the durability of OLED devices. Thin film substrates are permeable to oxygen and water vapor in the air, so that using materials ...