Dees, J. Gregory. "The Social Enterprise Spectrum: Structuring Social-Purpose Ventures: From Philanthropy to Commerce." Harvard Business School Background Note 396-343, April 1996. (Revised May 1996.) ...

Spar, Debora L., and Julia M. Comeau. "The Social Purpose of the Firm." Harvard Business School Module Note 323-051, March 2023. (Revised November 2023.) ...