This includes classical optical phenomena such as reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference, and also studying the quantum mechanical properties of individual packets of lights known as ...

Wave nature of light, mathematics of wave motion, electromagnetic theory of light propagation, reflection and refraction, Fresnel coefficients, polarization, interference, Young's experiment, fringe ...

The direction of the ray may also change. This property of waves is called refraction and commonly occurs with light rays. A normal is a dotted line drawn perpendicular to the surface of the ...