Plasma renin levels were found to be significantly elevated, which pointed to renin-mediated hypertension as the likely cause ...

If proteinuria and/or hematuria are present, additional investigations should be undertaken to rule out renal parenchymal diseases. Renal biopsy should be considered if there is a strong suspicion ...

[20] Since hydronephrosis is more common than hydronephrosis-associated erythrocytosis, however, it seems unlikely that the distension and compression of renal parenchyma are the only factors ...

The arrows mark distinct bilateral air inclusions (black) in the renal parenchyma; on the left, the renal parenchyma is almost completely replaced by air inclusions.