In addition, in cases of subclavian steal from the vertebral artery, there is a graded system showing a progressive change in the ipsilateral vertebral artery waveform. Grade I lesions demonstrate ...

Subclavian Steal Syndrome (SSS) is a condition that arises when there is a significant blockage or stenosis in the subclavian artery, which can lead to reversed blood flow in the vertebral artery.

This paper reviews arterial pressure waveforms and contrasts the differences ... to a position just below the left subclavian artery (Fig. 1). The IAB is attached to a console that rapidly ...