Usually this doesn't cause any symptoms, but it increases the risk of stomach acid backing up into the esophagus (reflux), which can lead to heartburn. Normally the entire stomach sits below the ...

For the transthoracic procedure, a thoracotomy is performed for esophageal mobilization and lymphadenectomy. Advocates of THE claim the advantages are: avoiding a thoracotomy and its associated ...

The same principles of early definitive repair apply to ... Prompt thoracotomy, under endotracheal anesthesia, with direct closure of the esophageal rent with two layers of interrupted fine ...