When thulium was named by Per Teodor Cleve in 1879, it was down to a slight misunderstanding of the meaning of thule. Cleve would eventually discover a total of four elements, and won the Davy Medal ...

For materials with low maximum phonon energies, such as ZBLANP (and other fluoride hosts), the non-radiative decays are relatively slow, whereas for many thulium-doped oxide crystals and glasses ...

Another important aspect of recent research is the investigation of the effects of post-deposition treatments on the properties of oxide films. For example, thulium oxide (Tm2O3) passivation ...