There are two types of removal: Re-uptake – the neurotransmitter is reabsorbed back into the presynaptic neuron and restored inside a vesicle ready to be used again. For example, noradrenaline.

Neurotransmitters can be classified by their function: These types of neurotransmitters have excitatory effects on the neuron, meaning they increase the likelihood that the neuron will fire an ...

A fluorescent probe designed to incorporate a fluorophore into the structure of a neurotransmitter finds activity-dependent heterogeneity in dopamine release at individual synapses ...

Recreational drugs can affect neurotransmitters in the reward pathway within the brain. They can act as either agonists or antagonists. Recreational drugs can also stimulate the release of ...

In multicellular organisms, growth factors, hormones, neurotransmitters, and extracellular matrix components are some of the many types of chemical signals cells use. These substances can exert ...

"So far, almost all studies of gut neurotransmitters were conducted in adult animals or human subjects, where a specific gut cell type called enterochromaffin cells produce neurotransmitters ...