The Easom function has several local minima. It is unimodal, and the global minimum has a small area relative to the search space. The function is usually evaluated on the square x i ∈ [-100, 100], ...

The Sum Squares function, also referred to as the Axis Parallel Hyper-Ellipsoid function, has no local minimum except the global one. It is continuous, convex and unimodal. It is shown here in its two ...