It’s a quick-and-dirty introduction into the world of voltage control, which has been what’s made the modern synthesizer work since at least the 1960’s. To use the 4046’s VCO, we’ll only ...

too — [MicroKits] uses a pair of op-amps to convert the linear change in resistance across the keyboard to a nearly exponential voltage to drive the synth’s voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO).

The Synthex used DCOs, giving it a more stable, cleaner sound than many of the VCO-based synths that preceded it. Its ...

The first is a simple sine wave VCO, while the second is a triangle wave ... which adjusts the level to which each sequencer triggers the synth’s internal envelopes. At either extreme this ...

Synthesizer unit includes: R-divider of external reference oscillator frequency with a programmable division factor of 1 to 31, frequency-phase detector (PFD) with the charge pump, loop filter, a ...