通过牵引力量显微镜（TFM）测量发现，Wnt 信号处理后的细胞，无论是单细胞还是多细胞簇，细胞 - ECM 力都有所增加，尤其是在多细胞簇中差异更明显。而且，Wnt 信号还增强了细胞的集体趋硬性（collective durotaxis，即细胞沿着底物硬度梯度的协调迁移）。在实验 ...

We know today that Wnt and a handful of other signalling systems (Notch, Hedgehog, TGFβ (transforming growth factor-β)–BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) and receptor tyrosine kinases ...