What Pressure Reference Point Should Be Used for Titration of Vasopressor and Vasodilator Drips? Balloon pumping every other heartbeat expands the arterial waveform to five reference points.

This paper reviews arterial pressure waveforms and contrasts the differences in waveforms imposed by intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. It explores questions regarding blood pressure ...

Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a debilitating condition and a major cause of premature death worldwide. Chronic stress ...