The following is a list of straight-chain alkanes, the total number of isomers of each (including branched chains), and their common names, sorted by number of carbon atoms. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Number of C atoms

The following is a list of straight-chain alkanes and their common names, sorted by number of carbon atoms.

2023年1月23日 · If a carbon is attached to only one other carbon, it is called a primary carbon. If a carbon is attached to two other carbons, it is called a seconday carbon. A tertiary carbon is attached to three other carbons and last, a quaternary carbon is attached to four other carbons.

Fortunately, common numerical prefixes are used in naming chains of five or more carbon atoms. The formulas and structures of these alkanes increase uniformly by a CH 2 increment. A uniform variation of this kind in a series of compounds is called …

If there are two or more chains competing for selection as the parent chain (chain with the most multiple bonds), the choice goes to (1) the chain with the greatest number of carbon atoms, (2) the # of carbon atoms being equal, the chain containing the maximum number of double bonds.

2022年7月16日 · A two-carbon chain is called ethane; a three-carbon chain, propane; and a four-carbon chain, butane. Longer chains are named as follows: pentane (five-carbon chain), hexane (6), heptane (7), octane (8), nonane (9), and decane (10).

For a two-carbon parent chain the name will be based on C 2 H 6, which is ethane. The table below continues with the names of longer straight-chain alkanes.

Side chains are the carbon chains that are not in the parent chain, but are branched off from it. Identification of the remaining functional groups, if any, and naming them by their ionic prefixes (such as hydroxy for −OH, oxy for =O, oxyalkane for O−R, etc.).

If there are two side-chains with the same alpha carbon, the number will be written twice. Example: 2,2,3-trimethyl-. If there are both double bonds and triple bonds, "en" (double bond) is written before "yne" (triple bond).

If there is a double bond between two carbon atoms within the molecule, the hydrocarbon becomes an alkene and is described as ‘un-saturated’. A carbon chain group bonded to another carbon chain is called an alkyl group and follows the same prefix as usual.