2020年9月3日 · ATP and its metabolite, adenosine, are both involved in separate negative feedback mechanisms: ATP via P2Y receptors and adenosine via adenosine A 1 and A 2A receptors. A synaptic vesicle in the nerve terminal is shown, filled with ATP in addition to the primary neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh).

2021年2月21日 · In this review we will discuss the effect of two neuromodulatory transmitters, acetylcholine (ACh) and adenosine, on the synaptic release probability and short-term synaptic plasticity. ACh and adenosine differ fundamentally in the way they are released into the extracellular space.

We propose that the role of ACh as a neuromodulator in the brain is to increase neurotransmitter release in response to other inputs, to promote burst firing, and/or suppress tonic firing, depending upon the system and the neuronal subtypes stimulated. Further, ACh contributes to synaptic plasticity in many brain areas.

2004年3月3日 · In summary, we found that endogenously generated adenosine plays a predominantly tonic facilitatory effect mediated by prejunctional A 2A receptors. Extracellular deamination and cellular uptake may restrict endogenous adenosine actions to the neuro-effector region near the release/production sites.

In summary, we found that endogenously generated adenosine plays a predominantly tonic facilitatory effect mediated by prejunctional A (2A) receptors. Extracellular deamination and cellular uptake may restrict endogenous adenosine actions to the neuro-effector region near the release/production sites. 1.

2024年7月3日 · This study explores how adenosine A2B receptors can act as astrocytic sensors of brain metabolic activity and how cAMP signalling in astrocytes may support core brain functions such as sleep and...

2020年10月30日 · Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that plays a significant role in a variety of physiological functions. Cholinergic neurons synthesize, store, and release acetylcholine and are also responsible for sympathetic and parasympathetic responses …

Adenosine exerts its action on cognition and memory via A1 and A2A receptors which are located mainly in the synapses, and control the release of glutamate and acetylcholine, which play a vital role in the processing of cognitive- and memory-based activities [25, 26].

In the heart, the most comprehensively studied effector is adenylate cyclase. That adenosine activates the muscarinic K acetylcholine (K ACh) channels in sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodal cells and in atrial cells but not in ventricular cells (except in ferret) is well known.

As the core molecule of ATP and of nucleic acids, adenosine forms a unique link between cell energy, gene regulation, and neuronal excitability; Emerging evidence ignites new hope for adenosine-based therapies in the central nervous system; …