2024年4月21日 · Bacterial pneumonia is a prevalent, potentially serious infection; it caused more 50,000 deaths in the United States in 2014. 3 As the alveoli fill with fluids and white blood cells (consolidation), air exchange becomes impaired and patients experience respiratory distress (Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\)). In addition, pneumonia can lead to pleurisy ...

2. Lower Respiratory Infections: Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis and Pneumonia. Etiology: Causative agents of lower respiratory infections are viral or bacterial.Viruses cause most cases of bronchitis and bronchiolitis. In community-acquired pneumonias, the most common bacterial agent is Streptococcus pneumoniae.Atypical pneumonias are cause by such agents as Mycoplasma …

Streptococcal Infections. A common upper respiratory infection, streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. This gram-positive bacterium appears as chains of cocci, as seen in Figure 17.5. Rebecca Lancefield serologically classified streptococci in the 1930s using carbohydrate antigens from the bacterial cell ...

If you have a bacterial infection, such as strep throat, you’ll take antibiotics. Penicillin or amoxicillin are frequently prescribed for strep throat. ... Common respiratory infections among children include: Bronchiolitis, an infection that causes wheezing and coughing. Common cold, which usually involves a runny nose, cough and feeling run ...

2022年9月20日 · What are common symptoms of a bacterial infection? Symptoms of bacterial infections vary depending on where in your body is infected. The main symptom is often fever, except skin infections, which usually cause redness or pain on your skin. Common symptoms of bacterial infections include: Fever. Chills. Fatigue (tiredness). Headache.

The upper respiratory tract may become susceptible to bacterial infection as a result of health conditions such as allergies and viral infections, as well as the effects of smoking and airborne environmental pollutants. ... Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most common bacterial pathogens in upper and lower respiratory ...

2023年12月10日 · The families and genera of common respiratory viruses are summarised in Table 1. The clinical presentation of respiratory viral infections can range from mild upper respiratory and/or gastrointestinal symptoms to more severe tracheobronchitis and pneumonia. ... Most bacterial co-infections are caused by multidrug-resistant strains. Ruttoh et al ...

2025年2月3日 · Upper respiratory infections encompass a broad spectrum of illnesses affecting the passages leading from the nose and mouth to the lungs.. From the common cold to more severe conditions like influenza and bacterial infections, these ailments can cause significant discomfort and impact daily life.

2023年6月26日 · A variety of viruses and bacteria can cause upper respiratory tract infections. These cause a variety of patient diseases including acute bronchitis, the common cold, influenza, and respiratory distress syndromes. Defining most of these patient diseases is difficult because the presentations connected with upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) commonly overlap …

Pathophysiology of Respiratory Tract Infections. In common with other infectious diseases, the outcome of RTIs is a complex interplay between the ability of the pathogen to infect, colonize and damage tissues and the capacity of the host to mount an effective immune response. ... and a variety of anaerobic bacteria. Polymicrobial infections are ...