Smads (or SMADs) comprise a family of structurally similar proteins that are the main signal transducers for receptors of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-B) superfamily, which are critically important for regulating cell development and growth.

Suppressor of mother against decapentaplegic (SMAD) family proteins are central to one of the most versatile cytokine signalling pathways in metazoan biology, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway.

SMAD proteins are vertebrate proteins, products of the Sma and Mad genes and represent components of the signal transduction pathway downstream of the serine-threonine kinase receptors. They interact with the TGF-β/ΒΜΡ type I receptors to mediate this process.

2021年6月18日 · Well differentiated adenocarcinoma. SMAD4 immunohistochemistry shows loss of nuclear expression in tumor cells, confirming the diagnosis. A patient presents with hernia sac mass, resection of which showed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of unknown primary.

Transforming growth factor-beta superfamily member signals are conveyed through cell-surface serine/threonine kinase receptors to the intracellular mediators known as Smads. Activation of Smads causes their translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where they function to control gene expression.

2005年12月1日 · Smad transcription factors lie at the core of one of the most versatile cytokine signaling pathways in metazoan biology-the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) pathway. Recent progress has shed light into the processes of Smad activation and deactivation, nucleocytoplasmic dynamics, and assemb …

Signal duration and signal magnitude are crucial determinants of the outcome of TGFβ superfamily signalling, in particular in early embryonic patterning, in which TGFβ superfamily ligands act...

2003年10月9日 · Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) proteins regulate cell function, and have key roles in development and carcinogenesis. The intracellular effectors of TGF-beta signalling, the Smad proteins, are activated by receptors and translocate into the nucleus, where they regulate transcription.

Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 or SMAD7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD7 gene. [5]SMAD7 is a protein that, as its name describes, is a homolog of the Drosophila gene: "Mothers against decapentaplegic".It belongs to the SMAD family of proteins, which belong to the TGFβ superfamily of ligands. Like many other TGFβ family members, …

Conclusion: SMAD and non-SMAD signaling is differentially affected by alterations in BMP receptor mobility. Significance: This demonstrates a regulatory mechanism for fine-tuning BMP signaling through localization and biophysical properties of …