2024年12月1日 · There are several routes through which pesticides can be ingested, inhaled, and absorbed, resulting in acute and long-term health consequences. This systematic review synthesizes the available evidence regarding the health risks and long-term effects of pesticide exposure, with a particular focus on epidemiological and toxicological studies.

2025年2月16日 · Synthetic pesticides have significantly benefitted both agriculture and health care, enhancing crop yields by effectively controlling pest’s species and reducing disease vectors that threaten public health. Improper application of these insecticides may create...

In European Union (EU) legislation, pesticides are divided into biocides and plant protection products. The active ingredients of pesticides include a large, diverse set of chemical groups and can be either natural or synthetic in origin [10, 20].

Over the years, synthetic pesticides like herbicides, algicides, miticides, bactericides, fumigants, termiticides, repellents, insecticides, molluscicides, nematicides, and pheromones have been used to improve crop yield.

2023年12月20日 · Mode of action classifications encompass contact, stomach, systemic, and fumigant pesticides. Toxicity levels range from extremely toxic to slightly toxic. Chemically, pesticides are divided into organic (natural and synthetic) and inorganic types. Synthetic organic pesticides include organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids.

Freeman defined fumigants as pesticide gases that can either pass through the cuticle of the insect or enter through the insect’s breathing system. Thoms and Busacca defined fumigants as pesticides that are in a gaseous state upon contact with

2023年5月6日 · In this study, we presented an overview of recent updates on the environmental and health impacts of synthetic pesticides against agro-pest and disease vectors while exhaustive reviewing the potentials of natural plant products from Zanthoxylum species (Rutaceae) as sustainable alternatives.

Synthetic insecticides. The synthetic contact insecticides are now the primary agents of insect control. In general they penetrate insects readily and are toxic to a wide range of species. The main synthetic groups are the chlorinated hydrocarbons, organic phosphates (organophosphates), and carbamates.

2019年9月17日 · Organochlorines, the first synthetic organic pesticides to be used in agriculture and in public health, are contact poisons that apparently act as nervous system disruptors leading to convulsions and paralysis of the insect and its eventual death.

2025年2月18日 · The stability and delivery of biopesticides limits application. Here, azadirachtin is co-assembled with plant secondary metabolites for efficient drug delivery, demonstrating pest management, the ...