AIM2 is a cytoplasmic sensor found in hematopoietic cells that recognizes the presence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) of microbial or host cellular origin. [7] AIM2-like receptor (ALR) family was founded on AIM2 and now consists of four members in human genome. [8]

AIM2 is a member of the ALR family of proteins, characterized by an N-terminal PYD (pyrin) domain and a C-terminal HIN (hematopoietic, interferon-inducible, and nuclear localization) domain. The HIN domain is directly responsible for binding to dsDNA in the cytosol.

The best characterized ALR is AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2), the intracellular DNA sensor which signals via the adaptor protein ASC (Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD), to activate the inflammasome, a key arm of the innate immune system.

2023年1月1日 · Several ALRs can activate the STING-IFN-I response and at least two human ALRs (AIM2 and IFI16) can activate the inflammasome. This functional redundancy, together with the diversification of ALR genes among different species, suggest that a strong selective pressure was placed on the ALR family.

Multiple DNA sensors have been proposed to trigger this response, including AIM2-like receptors (ALRs). Gray and colleagues generated mice lacking all 13 mouse ALR genes and show that ALRs are dispensable for the interferon response to intracellular DNA.

Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2)-like receptors (ALRs) have also been implicated in these pathways. Here we show that the mouse ALR IFI205 senses cytosolic retrotransposon DNA independently of cyclic GMP-AMP production. AIM2 antagonizes IFI205-mediated IFN induction activity by sequestering it from STING.

2021年10月18日 · In this study, we demonstrate that ALRs have a distinct and common function outside the immune system: regulation of chromatin structure and repair. We show that mice and cells lacking ALRs repair DNA breaks more efficiently and hence are more resistant to the genotoxic effects of irradiation and chemotherapy.

Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2)-like receptors (ALRs) have also been implicated in these pathways. Here we show that the mouse ALR IFI205 senses cytosolic retrotransposon DNA independently of cyclic GMP-AMP production. AIM2 antagonizes IFI205-mediated IFN induction activity by sequestering it from STING.

2015年7月22日 · We show here that the pyrin domain of AIM2 (AIM2 PYD) drives both filament formation and dsDNA binding. In addition, the dsDNA-binding domain of AIM2 also oligomerizes and assists in filament...

2022年5月24日 · The AIM-like receptors (ALRs) are IFN-inducible innate sensors that form supramolecular assemblies along double-stranded (ds)DNA of various origins. Here, we investigate the ALR absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) as a novel autoantigen in SLE, with similar properties to the established ALR autoantigen interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16).