平衡市场主要由 FCR 、 aFRR 以及 mFRR 三个储备市场组成。 TSO 直接负责这三个储备市场，以确保市场供需间的平衡。 1. FCR（Frequency Containment Reserve） 1) FCR一般为Capacity market，但是对于个别国别，例如芬兰是Capacity+energy market.

2023年10月7日 · fcr、afrr和mfrr在激活时间和提供调频服务方面有所不同。 以欧洲电网为例（图3），在电网发生不平衡后的30秒内，系统会自动激活aFRR，如果经过12.5分钟后电网仍然不平衡，那么三级储备mFRR将逐渐开始提供支持，并可能取代aFRR。

The automatic Frequency Restoration Reserve (aFRR), also known as secondary reserve, is a reserve in the power grid that helps to keep the grid frequency stable. To keep the frequency within certain thresholds, the Transmission System Operators (TSOs) activate balancing services like aFRR, which they acquire from Balancing Service Providers (BSPs).

The mFRR (also R3 or tertiary reserve) helps to restore the required grid frequency of 50 Hz (or in some countries of 60 Hz). This tertiary control reserve intervenes when there are longer lasting deviations in the power grid that cannot be resolved solely by the other upstream balancing services (FCR or aFRR).

2024年4月11日 · The collective term for aFRR and mFRR is FRR (Frequency Restoration Reserve). The main difference between aFRR and mFRR is the activation method. mFRR requires manual intervention from grid operators. This means the TSO instructs you to activate your asset on a case-by-case basis.

2021年6月25日 · 自动频率恢复储备(aFRR)将发挥重要作用，以保持欧洲稳定的电力供应 在收入方面，二级储备提供预留付款（欧元/MWh）和激活付款（欧元/MWh）的组合。

From this time on balancing service providers (BSP) may submit offers of 227 balancing energy from aFRR to their local TSO.

2022年11月7日 · 欧洲输电系统运营商联盟ENTSO-E 的标准，将平衡市场的服务品种分为频率控制备用(frequency containment reserve，FCR)、频率恢复备用(frequency restoration reserve，FRR)两类，后者又分为自动FRR(automatic FRR，aFRR)和手动FRR(manual FRR，mFRR)，如表2所示。FCR即一次调频，旨在保证系统 ...

2024年1月29日 · mFRR (Manual Frequency Restoration Reserve) mFRR is similar to aFRR in its goal to restore balance, but it is manually activated by grid operators. This reserve is used when automatic systems are insufficient or specific grid conditions require a more tailored approach. mFRR activation can take longer, from several minutes up to an hour, and is ...

Design, implement and operate an aFRR-Platform compliant with the approved versions of the EB GL, SO GL and CACM, as well as other regulations. Enhancing economic and technical efficiency within the limits of system security. Integrating the European aFRR markets while respecting the TSO-TSO model.