Alloxan is a toxic glucose analogue, which selectively destroys insulin -producing cells in the pancreas (that is, beta cells) when administered to rodents and many other animal species. This causes an insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (called "alloxan diabetes") in these animals, with characteristics similar to type 1 diabetes in humans.

2017年1月1日 · Alloxan and streptozotocin are the most popular diabetogenic agents used for assessing the antidiabetic or hypoglycemic capacity of test compounds. Notably, alloxan is far less expensive and more readily available than streptozotocin. On this ground, one will logically expect a preference for use of alloxan in experimental diabetes studies.

Alloxan (ALX) is rapidly taken up by pancreatic beta cells and the generation of free radicals that leads to fragmentation of the beta cell DNA. ALX has a narrow effective (for the induction of hyperglycaemia) dose range and kidney toxicity may arise from slight over dosing [62].

Alloxan is a member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups. It has a role as a hyperglycemic agent and a metabolite. It is functionally related to a barbituric acid. Alloxan has been reported in Euglena gracilis with data available.

Alloxan hydrate is a diabetogenic agent to induce diabetes. Alloxan hydrate is a proteasome inhibitor. Alloxan causes diabetes in experimental animals through its ability to destroy the insulin-secreting B-cells of the pancreas [1] [2]. Alloxan hydrate inhibits the peptidase activities of the purified 26S and 20S proteasomes [1].

Alloxan and streptozotocin are toxic glucose analogues that preferentially accumulate in pancreatic beta cells via the GLUT2 glucose transporter. In the presence of intracellular thiols, especially glutathione, alloxan generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a cyclic redox reaction with its reduction product, dialuric acid.

Organic imides, of which alloxan is one, react with azo and diazo compounds to generate toxic gases. Flammable gases are formed by the reaction of organic imides with strong reducing agents. Amides are very weak bases (weaker than water).Imides are less basic yet and in fact react with strong bases to form salts.

Alloxan-induced diabetes triggered liver morphological and ultrastructural changes that closely resembled human disease, ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. 1. Introduction.

2018年2月27日 · Alloxan and streptozotocin are the most popular diabetogenic agents used for assessing the antidiabetic or hypoglycemic capacity of test compounds. Notably, alloxan is far less expensive and more readily available than streptozotocin. On this ground, one will logically expect a preference for use of alloxan in experimental diabetes studies.

We used alloxan to induce diabetes in rats and rabbits for screening the antidiabetic activity of test compounds. However, we experienced an inconsistent and unpredictable response with alloxan, similar to that discussed by Jain et al. Healthy adult albino rats (150-200 g) and rabbits (1.5-2.5 kg) were used in the study.