2024年9月13日 · Uric acid stones are a type of kidney stone. Too much uric acid in your body leads to small stones forming, which can cause severe pain when you pee and blood in your pee. Small uric acid stones may pass on their own. But larger stones may require minimally invasive or noninvasive treatments, such as PCNL or shock wave lithotripsy.

Uric acid is a heterocyclic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen with the formula C 5 H 4 N 4 O 3. It forms ions and salts known as urates and acid urates, such as ammonium acid urate. Uric acid is a product of the metabolic breakdown of purine nucleotides, and it is a normal component of urine. [1] .

Until the last century, ammonium urate stones were quite common in preindustrial Europe. In contemporary practice these stones are found in developing countries, and are associated with uric acid and ammonium-enriched urine.

They are found in acidic urine (pH less than 6.5). The formation of ammonium urate crystals can be caused by a combination of factors including decreased urine volume or a condition that alkalinizes (increases the pH of) urine, such as a vegetarian diet, urinary tract infection or …

2022年3月7日 · Ammonium Biurate Crystals Ammonium urate (or biurate) crystals generally appear as brown or yellow-brown spherical bodies with irregular protrusions resembling “throny-apples”. These are found in alkaline urine.

2016年1月11日 · The form of uric acid with one charge is called urate, denoting it has a charge and can form a salt pair with another atom or molecule, like calcium does with oxalate or phosphate, or sodium does with chloride. The usual salts are sodium and ammonium urate. One can dissolve hundreds of milligrams of uric acid as urate in a liter of urine.

AMMONIUM ACID URATE STONES. The least known and least often encountered urate-containing stone is ammonium acid urate (AAU). While urate is a bystander in UA stones and an instigator or co-conspirator in HUCU, it is actually an integral part …

2022年8月10日 · Ammonium urate (or biurate) crystals generally appear as brown or yellow-brown spherical bodies with irregular protrusions (“thorn-apples”). In some urine samples, they do not have irregular protrusions but have smooth borders and can resemble calcium carbonate (although these do not occur in the urine from dogs and cats).

Urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially those with urease-producing bacteria, may facilitate ammonium acid urate crystallization. UTI may also occur secondary to urolith-induced mucosal damage and altered local host defense mechanisms.

Ammonium urate (or biurate) crystals generally appear as brown or yellow-brown spherical bodies with irregular protrusions (“thorn-apples”). In some urine samples, they do not have irregular protrusions but have smooth borders and can resemble calcium carbonate (although these do not occur in the urine from dogs and cats).

Purpose: We reevaluate the demographic and metabolic risk factors for ammonium acid urate stones. Materials and methods: Since 1986, 23 women and 21 men ranging in age from 20 to 81 years (mean 48.7) were treated for stones partly composed of ammonium acid urate.

2017年4月11日 · Not uric acid, in fact, but ammonium urate stones have been documented. I presume they represent induction of ammonia production by the potassium depletion from the diarrhea. As ammonia increases urine pH can rise despite loss of alkali and the higher pH would favor the ammonium acid urate salt.

2012年5月1日 · Ammonium acid urate (AAU) urolithiasis is a rare condition; however, it is endemic in some countries, with an especially high incidence in Asia. This study was conducted to investigate the special presentation of patients with AAU urolithiasis in Taiwan.

Ammonium biurate crystals form when there is an excess of urate in the urine, usually as a result of a metabolic disorder or liver disease. These crystals can precipitate out of the urine and collect in the urinary tract or bladder.

Ammonium acid urate: Ammonium acid urate is a uric acid derivative. These stones, which tend to be small and produced in multiples, form due to an increased output of uric acid in the urine, which can result from improper metabolism of ammonia.

2023年9月7日 · Ammonium Biurate Crystals: Ammonium urate (or biurate) crystals generally appear as brown or yellow-brown spherical bodies with irregular protrusions resembling “throny-apples”. These are found in alkaline urine.

High purine intake leads to a higher production of monosodium urate, which, under the right conditions, may form uric acid stones in the kidneys. Uric acid stones form when the levels of uric acid in the urine are too high, and/or the urine is too acidic on a regular basis.

2023年8月31日 · Uric acid urolithiasis or uric acid kidney stones refer to development of a stone or calculus composed of significant amounts of urate in the renal pelvis, ureter, or bladder. Renal stones,...

There are two main causes of urate stones: a genetic defect in the metabolism of uric acid, which is most commonly seen in dalmatians, and a liver disease called a portosystemic shunt (abnormal blood vessel bypassing the liver).

2023年8月31日 · The primary treatments are to alkalinize (citrate or bicarbonate) and dilute (large water intake) the urine. Sodium urate is 15 times more soluble than uric acid. At a urine pH level of 6.8, 10...

Uric acid is less soluble than urate; thus, an acidic environment decreases solubility. Plasma at a pH of 7.40 is saturated with urate at a concentration of 7 mg/dL. Because normal plasma levels of urate are 3-7 mg/dL for men and 2-6 mg/dL for women, the solubility limit apparently is approached under physiologic conditions.