Anura is an order of animals in the class Amphibia that includes frogs and toads. More than 5,000 species are described in the order. The living anurans are typically divided into three suborders: Archaeobatrachia, Mesobatrachia, and Neobatrachia.

Anurans represent, by far, the most speciose, diverse, and widespread of the three extant amphibian orders. They are found throughout most of the world, except in polar regions, and some oceanic islands and extremely xeric deserts. Anuran diversity is greatest in the tropics.

A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura[1] (coming from the Ancient Greek ἀνούρα, literally 'without tail').

2016年8月27日 · In anurans, the lymphatic system is highly developed and has a major role in fluid exchange and blood volume regulation. It is composed of pulsatile lymph hearts (that beat independently of the heart), an elaborate series of lymph vessels, and subcutaneous lymph sacs.

Carroll, 2009, The Rise of Amph., reviewed the paleontology of anurans. San Mauro, 2010, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 56: 554–561, provided a multilocus analysis of the age and relationships of major amphibian groups.

Anurans are invariably four-limbed, and terrestrial juveniles and adults completely lack true tails. Adults range from about 1–30 cm in length. Their hind-limbs and feet are typically greatly elongated. The radius and ulna of the forelimb and the tibia and fibula of …

Anura refers to a group of tetrapods known for their limited fossil record, including species like Arariphrynus placidoi and Eurycephalella alcinae, characterized by articulated remains and neobatrachian affinities. You might find these chapters and articles relevant to this topic.

Anurans are the most abundant group of amphibians; there are over 7000 described species of anurans and they are found across all the continents except Antarctica [1]. Anurans are thought to have arisen over 200 million years ago, but a major diversification event appears to have begun at the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary [2] .

Anurans are unique among amphibians and all other vertebrates in having a broad head, large mouth, large protuberant eyes, short body, and no tail. The hind limbs are long and modified for jumping by having an extra segment composed of elongated "ankle" bones—fibulare and tibiale (astragalus and calcaneum, respectively).

2023年10月30日 · Anurans (frogs and toads) show larval (premetamorphic) stages that are in general radically decoupled from adult forms in most biological aspects. Our understanding of this group is highly...