BM stands for boyevaya mashina (Russian: боевая машина – combat vehicle), and the nickname grad means "hail". The complete system with the BM-21 launch vehicle and the M-21OF rocket is designated as the M-21 field-rocket system and is more commonly known as a Grad multiple rocket launcher system.

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整個「冰雹」火箭炮系統由 BM-21 火箭發射車、「動物園」自動化火控系統和 9 種不同類型火箭彈構成，包括：9M22U、9M28F 和 9M522 高爆/破片殺傷彈；9M521 增強殺傷彈；9M28K 反坦克布雷彈； 煙霧彈 、 電子干擾彈；9M217 自導彈以及 9M218 聚能裝葯破甲子母彈等。 攝於1989年，一隊 蘇軍 的BM-21PD火箭炮列陣。 攝於2023年1月5日，一隊 俄軍 的BM-21PD火箭炮列陣發射火箭彈。 ^ Zabecki, David T. Rockets and Rocket Launchers. Tucker, Spencer C. (编).

English: Map of BM-21 Grad operators: current operators in blue, former operators in red.

Russian BM-21 site (Google Maps). A Russian BM-21 rocket artillery missile site, consisting of five BM-21 MLRS trucks and two artillery command vehicles.

The BM-21 Grad is a Soviet truck-mounted 122 mm multiple rocket launcher. The weapons system and the M-21OF rocket that it fires evolved in the early 1960s and saw their first combat use in March...

bm-21式火箭炮是前苏联研制的一种122毫米40管自行火箭炮。 该炮1964年开始装备陆军炮兵部队。 现摩托化步兵师和坦克师属炮兵团均编有一个БМ-21式火箭炮营，装备该炮24门。

BM-21冰雹多管火箭炮系统一种122毫米40管自行火箭炮，现摩托化步兵师和坦克师属炮兵团均编有一个БМ-21式火箭炮营，装备该炮24门（18门），主要对前方14~28公里的敌人，发射速度相当快火力凶猛，但是都是使用无制…

Ukrainian BM-21 position (Google Maps). A Ukrainian artillery position with four BM-21 Grad MLRS vehicles in a field near the front lines of Ukraine.

Soviet BM-21 Grad (Google Maps). A Soviet BM-21 Grad MLRS on display.