Hydrothermal vents exist because the Earth is both geologically active and has large amounts of water on its surface and within its crust. Under the sea, they may form features called black smokers or white smokers, which deliver a wide range of elements to the world's oceans, thus contributing to global marine biogeochemistry.

“黑烟囱”是指海底富含硫化物的高温热液活动区，因热液喷出时形似“黑烟”而得名。 喷溢 海底热泉 的出口，由于物理和化学条件的改变，含有多种 金属元素 的矿物在海底沉淀下来，尤其是喷溢口的周围连续沉淀，不断加高，形成了一种烟囱状的地貌，叫做黑烟囱。 喷溢海底热泉的出口往往能够形成黑烟囱 [1]。 由于物理和化学条件的改变，含有多种金属元素的矿物在海底沉淀下来，尤其是喷溢口的周围连续沉淀，不断加高，形成了一种烟囱状的地貌。 烟囱高低粗细各不相同， …

2023年4月23日 · Black smokers, also known as hydrothermal vents, are underwater geothermal features found on the ocean floor. They are characterized by their dark appearance, caused by the presence of minerals and sulfide deposits that are expelled from the vents along with hot, mineral-rich fluids.

2024年6月16日 · Hydrothermal vents form at locations where seawater meets magma. A venting black smoker emits jets of particle-laden fluids. The particles are predominantly very fine-grained sulfide minerals formed when the hot hydrothermal fluids mix with near-freezing seawater. These minerals solidify as they cool, forming chimney-like structures.

2021年2月15日 · The hottest vent produce unusual chimney-like towers called " black smokers." The hot water contains dissolved metals (including iron, manganese, zinc, copper, sulfur, and others). When they encounter the cold ocean water, the minerals precipitate, making dark plumes of water and irregular deposits (including “chimneys”) on the seabed.

2023年5月27日 · 研究人员将这种地质结构命名为热液喷口 (hydrothermal vent，亦称热液口或深海热泉)， 因海底热液口的喷出物颜色多偏黑，且沉积物不断累积增高形似烟囱，因而又被称作“黑烟囱” (black smoker)。 发现海底热液喷口的载人潜水器——阿尔文号. 黑烟囱的形成与海底岩浆活动有关，当岩浆能量足够大时，在海底喷发形成火山，大洋中脊就是这样形成的。 当岩浆的能量不足以冲破洋壳时，可将海水加热形成热水喷流，这些喷出物富含金属元素，且逐渐在喷出口形成 …

Black smokers, or hydrothermal mounts, are extremely difficult environments for life. Yet some organisms live there: which ones?

2019年4月13日 · A black smoker or deep sea vent is a type of hydrothermal vent found on the seabed, typically in the bathyal zone (with largest frequency in depths from 2500 m to 3000 m), but also in lesser depths as well as deeper in abyssal zone.

2016年1月20日 · Black smokers are hydrothermal vent structures that discharge hot, dark fluids from the ocean floor. They generally form near areas with submarine volcanic activity, such as mid-ocean ridges, where hydrothermal fluids circulate through the oceanic crust and exchange elements with the surrounding rocks.

2016年4月19日 · A black smoker is a type of hydrothermal vent typically found on the sea floor. These vents are often referred to as underwater geysers. Black smokers can get up to 180 feet tall, and they are also considered to have the highest temperature of the hydrothermal vents.