The cup-to-disc ratio (often notated CDR) is a measurement used in ophthalmology and optometry to assess the progression of glaucoma. The optic disc is the anatomical location of the eye's "blind spot", the area where the optic nerve leave and blood vessels enter the retina.

CD-R (Compact disc-recordable) is a digital optical disc storage format. A CD-R disc is a compact disc that can only be written once and read arbitrarily many times. CD-R discs (CD-Rs) are readable by most CD readers manufactured prior to the …

An optical disc is designed to support one of three recording types: read-only (such as CD and CD-ROM), recordable (write-once, like CD-R), or re-recordable (rewritable, like CD-RW). Write-once optical discs commonly have an organic dye (may also be a ( phthalocyanine ) azo dye , mainly used by Verbatim , or an oxonol dye, used by Fujifilm [ 4 ...

The pulse width in the RF signal or "eye pattern" can be affected by a DC offset superimposed by the pit/land conditions. All CD readers contain a correction circuit to eliminate this DC offset and maintain the proper pulse width entering the decoder.

Ophthalmoscopic estimation of cup-to-disk ratio (CDR) of the ONH is important in the diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma patients and suspects.

Eye pattern at various persistence levels. The CD player is a Yamaha CDC-635 and the scope is an OWON VDS-1022. It's playing a CD-R (Verbatim).

2017年7月3日 · Detecting the optic disc and cup from a fundus image and calculating the CDR value is a method used to identify glaucoma in its early stages. In this paper we have proposed an automatic process to locate the optic disc and the optic cup from the retinal image. The optic disc is located at the centre of the eyes nervous system.

A CD-R is a blank "compact disc - recordable". However, the music or software CD-ROM is a "compact disc - read only memory". The CD-ROMs you buy in stores are not recordable. They were never recorded. Instead they were mechanically stamped or pressed, like the old-fashioned vinyl LP albums.

2014年12月31日 · Philips branded CD-R. "4/93" Scrambled mode disc dump with some unfixable errors, for reference only. Might not be working or have some issues / errors. Thanks to the HomeComputerMuseum in Helmond, The Netherlands, for their help with preserving CD-i history !

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