To build shells and skeletons, marine organisms, such as this hypothetical clam, extract calcium ions (Ca+2) and carbonate ions (CO3-2) from seawater, combining them into solid crystals of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) that are laid down to make shells.

To build shells and skeletons, marine organisms, such as this hypothetical clam, extract calcium ions (Ca+2) and carbonate ions (CO3-2) from seawater, combining them into solid crystals of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) that are laid down to make shells.

Many ocean organisms, including the mollusks that built the shells we see in the Cosman Shell Collection, pull a mixture of calcium, Ca (2+), and carbonate ions, CO3 (2-), from seawater in order to create the hard shells they use as homes and as protection, which are made of calcium carbonate, or CaCO3 (for more detail on this, see How Mollusks ...

2009年12月4日 · To build shells, organisms extract calcium ions (Ca 2+) and carbonate ions (CO 32-) from seawater, which combine into the solid crystals of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) that shells are made of. However, seawater also contains hydrogen ions (H +), or protons.

2023年8月9日 · Among proxies measuring the degree of dissolution of planktonic foraminiferal shells, X-ray micro-Computed Tomography (CT) based characterization of apparent shell density appears to have good potential to facilitate quantitative reconstruction of carbonate chemistry.

2023年5月5日 · The superior performance of Co III Fe-PBA/MoS 2-x confirmed that the core-shell interface structure with highly active Co3+ sites efficiently promotes the oxygen evolution …

2017年7月18日 · Calcium carbonate exists all over the planet’s oceans, from coral reefs near the surface to the shells of dead organisms like plankton that are buried deep below. There is roughly 50 times as much greenhouse gas in the ocean as the atmosphere, causing ocean acidification.

2021年3月3日 · People say that the increase in H+ concentration will eat up the CO3 ions in solution and thus the loss of CO3 will shift the dissolution equilibrium right and make shells soft. However, although there is an increase in H+ which eats up the CO3, there is also an increase in the amount of HCO3 so shouldn't that prevent a shift in equilibrium?

2020年3月17日 · As carbon dioxide emissions dissolve into the oceans, seawater carbonate (CO3) concentrations decrease. In the future, low CO3 concentrations will threaten the survival of ecologically and economically important shellfish, as they struggle to find enough carbonate to build their calcium carbonate (CaCO3) shells.

2024年1月15日 · Spherical polymer particles are scaffolds in formation of mesoporous SiO2 shells. Adsorption properties of template favor aggregation of Co 2+ ions within SiO 2 shells. Choice of template affects strength of interaction of Co3 O 4 nanograins with SiO 2. Space inside porous shell creates specific kind of Co 3 O 4 @SiO 2 nanoreactor.