This chapter addresses the neuronal organization of the central pattern generator (CPG) for forelimb locomotion in the cat. The focus is on fictive locomotion, as induced by repetitive stimulation of the cervical lateral funiculus (CLF) in the decerebrate preparation.

Central pattern generators (CPGs) are self-organizing biological neural circuits [1][2] that produce rhythmic outputs in the absence of rhythmic input. [3][4][5] They are the source of the tightly-coupled patterns of neural activity that drive rhythmic and stereotyped motor behaviors like walking, swimming, breathing, or chewing.

For patients with Rett Syndrome, a dysfunction of the CPG for breathing associated with a mutation in the methyl-CpG binding protein2 (MECP2 gene) ends up affecting rhythm-generating networks and breathing complications.

Mar 1, 1998 · In the cat, there is good evidence for a spinal rhythm generating system, which most researchers in this field refer to as a locomotor CPG. This rhythm generating structure normally receives supraspinal and afferent input, yet in its absence it can still generate a pattern which often closely mimics the one seen in normal locomotion.

Dec 1, 2020 · Later, it was shown that in the complete absence of somatosensory feedback, a network of interconnected interneurons located within the spinal cord (central pattern generator; CPG) can generate rhythmic motor activities that, to a certain degree, resembles the locomotor pattern (Brown, 1911, Stuart and Hultborn, 2008). Currently, it is ...

Mar 1, 1998 · Many studies showed that cats with complete spinal cord transection can recover locomotor function. These observations were at the basis of the concept of the central pattern generator (CPG) located at spinal level.

Central pattern generators (CPGs) are oscillatory neuronal networks controlling rhythmic motor behaviors such as swimming, walking, and breathing. Mul-tifunctional CPGs...

On the assumption that locomotion is partly produced by a central pattern generator (CPG) in the spinal cord of both cat and man, it is essential to learn more about how such a CPG is controlled by sensory input produced during gait. For the cat there is …

May 30, 2021 · Let us now consider the CPG of a single limb. The hindlimb CPG has by far received the most attention experimentally over several decades, primarily in the cat and then in rodents (mice). The early work on the cat showed that the spinal cord could generate the complex motor pattern [7,8] even without any afferent input

Jul 21, 2014 · Here, we investigate whether a pair of cat behaviors -- walking and paw shaking -- could be controlled by a single multifunctional CPG exhibiting multistability of oscillatory regimes. In experiments, both behaviors can be elicited in a spinalized cat, and there is evidence that the same circuitry is used for both rhythms [ 2 , 3 ].

Aug 20, 2012 · Oligonucleotides (ODN) containing cytosine-phosphate-guanosine motifs of class A (CpG-A) are highly potent synthetic inducers of innate antiviral mechanisms. The aim of this study was to test their ability to modulate innate immune responses and prevent viral replication as stand-alone agents in the domestic cat.

Mar 1, 1998 · Many studies showed that cats with complete spinal cord transection can recover locomotor function. These observations were at the basis of the concept of the central pattern generator (CPG) located at spinal level.

Jun 12, 2020 · Information regarding specific treatments is lacking. Class A CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-A) are short single-stranded DNAs, stimulating type I interferon production. In cats, CpG-A induced an antiviral response in vivo and inhibited FPV replication in …

Dec 8, 2017 · The cat CPG was investigated using proprioceptive inputs during fictive locomotion. Critical points identified both as abrupt transitions in the effect of phasic perturbations, and burst shape transitions, had biomechanical correlates in intact locomotion.

In the present study, in order to identify the sequences of CpG‐ODN that induce Th1‐type immune responses in cats, 14 kinds of ODN were synthesized and examined regarding their ability to induce fIFN‐γ in PBMC and splenocytes derived from clinically normal cats. In addition, CpG‐ODN were administrated to cats and the in vivo fIFN‐γ ...

Aug 20, 2012 · CpG-A stimulation of feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) enhanced their proliferation, increased the presence of co-stimulatory molecules on their surface and influenced their gene expression profiles in an antiviral orientation.

In cats, CpG-A induced an antiviral response in vivo and inhibited FPV replication in vitro. The aim was to prospectively investigate the effects of CpG-A on survival, clinical score,...

Jun 12, 2020 · In cats, CpG-A induced an antiviral response in vivo and inhibited FPV replication in vitro. The aim was to prospectively investigate the effects of CpG-A on survival, clinical score, hematological findings, antiviral response (cytokines), viremia, and fecal shedding (real-time qPCR) in cats naturally infected with FPV.

Oct 18, 2012 · CpG-A ODN was shown to stimulate feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), enhancing their proliferation, and shifting their gene expression in an antiviral orientation. In vivo , CpG-A ODN also induced a systemic antiviral state with astonishing effects of potent induction of IFNα and IFNω, with mRNA expression of these genes ...

Aug 20, 2012 · Oligonucleotides (ODN) containing cytosine-phosphate-guanosine motifs of class A (CpG-A) are highly potent synthetic inducers of innate antiviral mechanisms. The aim of this study was to test their ability to modulate innate immune responses and prevent viral replication as stand-alone agents in the domestic cat.