A CTD — an acronym for Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth — is the primary tool for determining essential physical properties of sea water. It gives scientists a precise and comprehensive charting of the distribution and variation of water temperature, salinity, and density that helps to understand how the oceans affect life.

Download our guide to read the basics of CTD, select the best CTD that fits your research needs between moored CTD and profiling CTD options, and learn more about water sampling technology.

A CTD instrument is an oceanography sonde (French for probe) used to measure the electrical conductivity, temperature, and pressure of seawater. The pressure is closely related to depth. Conductivity is used to determine salinity. The CTD may be incorporated into an array of Niskin bottles referred to as a carousel or rosette. The sampling ...

CTD stands for conductivity, temperature, and depth, and refers to a package of electronic devices used to detect how the conductivity and temperature of water changes relative to depth. The CTD is an essential tool used in all disciplines of oceanography, providing important information about physical, chemical, and even biological properties ...

The CTD which stands for “Conductivity-Temperature-Depth” is one of the most used instruments for the oceanographic measurements. MEMS based CTD sensor components consist of a conductivity sensor (C), temperature sensor (T) and a piezo resistive pressure sensor (D).

2023年1月4日 · Electrical conductivity temperature depth (CTD) sensors were used frequently and extensively. Long-term accurate CTD data is important for the study and utilization of oceans, e.g., for weather forecasting, ecological evolution, fishery, and shipping.

Valeport offers a selection of instruments, from simple plug on sensors for OEM applications through hand-held systems and devices for long term monitoring at fixed sites, to multiparameter profiling systems for deep ocean applications. All Valeport CTDs use our own inductive Conductivity sensors.

2023年9月1日 · In this paper, an integrated and compact fiber-optic CTD sensor is proposed, which can measure temperature, salinity (conductivity) and depth (pressure) simultaneously. The sensor effectively reduces the cost of the traditional electrical CTD sensing system and provides great convenience for the monitoring of marine environmental parameters.

2025年2月3日 · Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) sensors are specialized devices used to measure the electrical conductivity, temperature, and depth of seawater. By gauging these three parameters, users of CTD profilers can infer various other properties of seawater (such as salinity and density) which are vital for understanding oceanographic processes.

2024年1月26日 · The OpenCTD is a low-cost, open-source oceanographic instrument, built from relatively accessible components, that allows ocean knowledge seekers to collect data on salinity, temperature, and depth in waters as deep as 140 m, with depth accurate to <1 cm, temperature to ±0.1°C, and a salinity error rate of 1%, with a 90% response time of 1 second.