2014年12月1日 · Capillary suspensions have been divided into two distinct states: the pendular state where the minority liquid preferentially wets the particles; and the capillary state where the secondary fluid wets the particles less well than the primary fluid. Both states are associated with a transition in the suspension from a fluid-like to gel-like ...

More detailed saturation levels were introduced in the evaluation of liquid retention capacity measurement, including four states: slurry state, capillary state, funicular state, and pendular...

2022年4月1日 · In capillary suspensions, the particles are connected by liquid menisci in the pendular state (Figure 1 a) or are clustered around small droplets in the capillary state (Figure 1 g), forming a sample-spanning network in either case.

2011年2月18日 · What determines whether a suspension enters the pendular state or the capillary state? The answer lies in Young's equation, which relates the interfacial tensions to the contact angle: cos θ = (γ SA − γ SB)/γ AB.

1999年12月1日 · For small quantities of interstitial liquid, the only possible configurations are pendular bridges. For large amounts of liquid a fully saturated state called the capillary state can exist. There are also a number of intermediate cases characterized by varying degrees of interstitial voidage, which are classified as funicular configurations.

2018年3月8日 · In this paper, we reviewed recent research in the field of capillary suspensions and highlight a variety of applications in the field of smart materials. Capillary suspensions are liquid-liquid-solid ternary systems where only one liquid is present in a few percent and induces a strong, capillary-induced particle network.

In a liquid whose angle of contact with solid is less than 90°, suffers capillary rise. On the other hand, in a liquid whose angle of contact is greater than 90°, suffers capillary fall. The rise or fall of a liquid in a narrow tube is called capillarity or capillary action.

What is pendular state , funicular state and capillary state in granulation? Pendular state usually at low moisture level, this is when the particles are held together by lens-shaped rings of liquid, …

2011年2月18日 · We show that the addition of small amounts of a secondary fluid, immiscible with the continuous phase of the suspension, causes agglomeration due to capillary forces and creates particle networks, dramatically altering the bulk rheological behavior from predominantly viscous or weakly elastic to highly elastic or gel-like.

When a small amount (less than 1%) of a second immiscible liquid is added to the continuous phase of a suspension, the rheological properties of the admixture are dramatically altered and can change from a fluid-like to a gel-like state. These so-called capillary suspensions transition to a gel-like state both if the secondary liquid ...