2025年1月11日 · GRXs have been grouped into three classes according to their active site sequences, which are either variants of the CPYC/S motif (class I), the highly conserved CGFS sequence (class II) or ...

Class I Grxs with a classical dithiol CPY/FC motif catalyze reversible thiol-disulfide exchange reactions using the redox-active tripeptide glutathione (GSH) as a substrate (Fig. 1A). As such, they catalyze oxidation and reduction of disulfide bonds as well as mixed disulfides between protein thiols and GSH [4].

2017年7月1日 · GRXs of class I and class II have CxxC/S and CGFS active site motifs, respectively, and exist in all photosynthetic organisms. GRXs of class III are specific to angiosperms and have a peculiar CCxx active site motif, which is a diversified active site.

Spectroscopic and site-directed mutagenesis analyses show that the SyGrx3 holoprotein contains a subunit-bridging [2Fe-2S] cluster that is ligated by the catalytic cysteine located in the CGFS motif of each monomer and the cysteines of two molecules of glutathione.

2013年5月20日 · A chloroplastic monothiol glutaredoxin, AtGRXS16 from Arabidopsis thaliana, comprises two distinct functional domains, an N-terminal domain (NTD) with GlyIleTyr-TyrIleGly (GIY-YIG) endonuclease motif and a C-terminal Grx module, to coordinate redox regulation and DNA cleavage in chloroplasts. Structural determination of AtGRXS16-NTD showed that ...

2009年3月1日 · GRXs from the CGFS class, such as GRX3 and GRX4 from E. coli and GRX5 from yeast, all contain the strictly conserved CGFS motif (Rouhier et al., 2007). Recent reports support functions for these two ubiquitously occurring GRX classes in responding to oxidative stress and iron–sulfur cluster biosynthesis ( Cheng et al., 2006 ; Rouhier et al ...

2010年6月1日 · AtGRXcp has a glutaredoxin/thioredoxin-like fold with distinct structural features that differ from those of dithiol Grxs. The structure reveals that the putative active-site motif CGFS is well defined and is located on the molecular surface and that a long groove extends to both sides of the catalytic Cys97.

2007年12月25日 · Spectroscopic and site-directed mutagenesis analyses show that the SyGrx3 holoprotein contains a subunit-bridging [2Fe-2S] cluster that is ligated by the catalytic cysteine located in the CGFS motif of each monomer and the cysteines of two molecules of glutathione.

2012年6月5日 · Herein we review recent progress in uncovering the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which CGFS Grxs and BolA-like proteins help regulate iron metabolism in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. The unique chemical properties of iron render it an essential but potentially toxic protein cofactor.

2011年5月20日 · The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe contains two CGFS-type monothiol glutaredoxins, Grx4 and Grx5, which are localized primarily in the nucleus and mitochondria, respectively. We observed involvement of Grx4 in regulating iron-responsive gene expression, which is modulated by a repressor Fep …