2025年2月28日 · Protozoans exhibit diverse modes of locomotion across the various groups, but the modes of locomotion can be broadly divided into flagellar, ciliary, and amoeboid movement. Only the ciliates among the three major motility groups of protozoans, however, represent a truly monophyletic group (or single evolutionary line).

Efficient ciliary locomotion and transport require the coordination of motile cilia. Short-range coordination of ciliary beats can occur by biophysical mechanisms. Long-range coordination across large or disjointed ciliated fields often requires nervous system control and innervation of ciliated cells by ciliomotor neurons.

Ciliary movement is not a simple reciprocal movement and distinctly has forward and reverse movements called effective and recovery strokes, respectively. These “asymmetric” ciliary strokes push away the mucus covering the mucosa of the airway epithelium.

2018年1月1日 · Cilia and flagella are microtubule (MT)-based organelles that extend from the surface of eukaryotic cells. Ciliary and flagellar movements are generated by MT sliding with axonemal dynein motors and play important roles in cell migration and generation of …

2020年1月3日 · Cilia and flagella are fundamental units of motion in cellular biology. These beating, hair-like organelles share a common basic structure but maintain widely varying functions in systems ranging...

2023年6月23日 · Cilia in humans move rhythmically; they constantly remove waste materials such as dust, mucus, and bacteria through the airways, away from the lungs, and toward the mouth. Beating cilia on cells in the female fallopian tubes move egg cells from the ovary towards the uterus. A flagellum is an appendage larger than a cilium and specialized for ...

A detailed analysis of ciliary movement and of the extent and sequence of changes in that movement around a site of stimulation can provide uniquely valuable evidence concerning the chain of events from stimulus to response and particularly the spread of excitation over a …

Paramoecium is the fastest moving orga­nism of all protozoans found in fresh water ponds. It possesses cilia or compound ciliary structures as locomotors and food-capturing organelles. This organism is found in abun­dance in stagnant ponds and organic infu­sions. The body of Paramoecium is covered with a distinct tough and flexible pellicle.

2023年12月10日 · Ciliary Motion: Movement of cilia is coordinated when they beat together, and the rhythm is called isochronal. But certain times each cilium moves a fraction of a second after the preceding one, producing a wave-like movement and this rhythm is called metachronal.

纤毛（cilium）：是细胞游离面伸出的能摆动的较长的突起，比微绒毛粗且长，在光镜下能看见。纤毛的摆动（ciliary Eea－f）是由在基部产生的曲折的摆状有效运动及伴有向曲折顶端方向传播的反向摆动（或准备摆动）而成。