2017年10月1日 · We synthesize data to speculate on the functional implications of key features of Karyorelictea including the presence of at least two macronuclei in each cell and the inability for macronuclei to divide. Ciliates are a clade of single-celled eukaryotes defined by the presence of cilia and dimorphic nuclei (, , , ).

Much of the ciliate tree of life has been resolved through studies of genes and, more recently, whole genomes, leading to a major division between the Intramacronucleata (i.e. most classes of ciliates including the Oligohymenophorea, Spirotrichea, and Phyllopharyngea) and the Postciliodesmatophora (the classes Karyorelictea and Heterotrichea).

2018年12月27日 · Ciliates divide by tandem duplication, a developmental process that remodels the parental cell into two daughters aligned head-to-tail. Here, Jiang et al. investigate the elo1-1 mutation in Tetrahymena that causes the division plan to form too close....

Ciliates have two structurally and functionally distinct nuclei that operate in one cytoplasm: the germline micronucleus that undergoes mitosis (or meiosis), and the somatic macronucleus that divides by amitosis—a unique mode of nuclear division that does not involve chromatin condensation or a bipolar spindle formation (reviewed in Ruehle et ...

2014年1月1日 · It is widely accepted that the ciliates are divided into two main lineages according to the mode of division of the macronucleus: subphylum Intramacronucleata, including the vast majority of ciliates, in which the division is conducted by internal microtubules; and the Postciliodesmatophora, in which the division of the macronucleus involves ...

2017年3月30日 · Primary cilia decorate both non-dividing cells that can re-enter the cell cycle and terminally differentiated cells that lack this ability. Since primary cilia in post-mitotic cells are superfluous for preventing cell cycle re-entry, the question arises as to whether cilia exert any functions in these cells.

2021年7月16日 · Ciliates have an extraordinary genetic system in which each cell harbors two distinct kinds of nucleus, a transcriptionally active somatic nucleus and a quiescent germline nucleus. The latter undergoes classical, heritable genetic adaptation, while adaptation of the somatic nucleus is only short-term and thus disposable.

Here, we summarize the current knowledge of how cycling cells suppress ciliogenesis and compare it with mechanisms underlying ciliary resorption after cell-cycle reentry. We also discuss a reciprocal relationship between primary cilia and cell proliferation.

Ciliates are a large class of complex-single celled organisms which have colonized many ecological niches and include more than 8000 species divided into two subphyla and 11 classes (Fig. 3). They are characterized by its nuclear dualism and by the arrangement of structures in their surface region (cortex) which includes cilia; they also share ...

In most ciliates, both the somatic macronuclei and germline micronuclei divide during cell division and macronuclear development only occurs after conjugation. However, the macronuclei of Karyorelictea are non-dividing, i.e. division minus (Div−) and develop anew from micronuclei during each asexual division.