Certain cells release cytokines while other cells contain cytokine receptors. Think of a cytokine as a key and the receptor on the receiving cell like a lock. When the cytokine (key) enters the cytokine receptor (lock), the receiving cell receives a message that tells it what to do.

The effect of a particular cytokine on a given cell depends on the cytokine, its extracellular abundance, the presence and abundance of the complementary receptor on the cell surface, and downstream signals activated by receptor binding; these last two factors can vary by cell type.

Cytokine, any of a group of small, short-lived proteins that are released by one cell to regulate the function of another cell, thereby serving as intercellular chemical messengers. Cytokines effect changes in cellular behaviour that are important in a number of physiological processes, including

2020年11月6日 · Cytokines help the immune system kill pathogens, but too many cytokines can lead to bad health outcomes and may turn into a "cytokine storm."

This review provides evidence that common renal diseases, including those causing AKI and the autoimmune proliferative and crescentic forms of GN, have cytokine mediation profiles that suggest they would be susceptible to cytokine-targeting therapeutic strategies.

In healthy individuals, cytokine action is regulated by their transient production only in response to either antigen or potent inflammatory stimuli, the short half-life of cytokines in extracellular fluids and compartments, and the restricted receptor expression profiles on the surface of both activated and unactivated target cells, as well as ...

One specific type of cytokine is called a chemokine. A chemokine can make immune cells move toward a target. There are different kinds of chemokines, including interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors, and growth factors. Some cytokines …

2023年11月30日 · The term cytokine means “moving cell.” Originally, the most dramatic observation scientists made about cytokines was their movement. Although the most well-known cytokines act by sending signals between cell types of the immune system, cytokines can also be released from many different types of cells in the body, boosting or hindering the ...

The cytokine shows a different biological activity spectrum, in particular in its action of differentiating normal and B lymphocytes, and as an immunomodulator of macrophage activity. It also has an important role in dealing with intracellular pathogens, including …

2025年1月13日 · These receptors are highly specific, ensuring that each cytokine interacts with its corresponding receptor, thus maintaining precise control over immune responses and cell communication. They act as gateways that translate extracellular signals into cellular actions.