2022年9月26日 · The most popular techniques for free radical detection are electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy (also known as electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy) and fluorescence spectroscopy. (16−18) EPR offers low limits of detection as well as accurate identification of different free radical species through distinctive splitting ...

2023年12月1日 · EPR identifies and quantifies radicals, metalloproteins and metal ion complexes. EPR basics are presented with pictorial images and minimal physicochemical language. The advantages and drawbacks of different EPR methodologies are discussed. Emphasis is given to EPR applications that elucidated redox mechanisms.

2022年8月28日 · Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) is a powerful tool for investigating paramagnetic species, including organic radicals, inorganic radicals, and triplet states.

2021年5月6日 · Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy directly probes these unpaired electrons to characterize molecular radicals as well as determine transition metal ion...

2016年10月15日 · Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) can detect radicals in biological systems. Spin traps are typically used to examine low steady-state levels of radicals. This article reviews spin trapping methods – both advantages and pitfalls. Complementary radical detection methods are discussed.

2024年2月14日 · We report a new method, operando film-electrochemical electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (FE-EPR), which enables mechanistic studies of surface-immobilized electrocatalysts. This...

2014年2月1日 · EPR is the current “gold standard” for detecting radicals in biological systems. EPR methods for detecting radicals, metal ions and nitric oxide are reviewed. Advantages and disadvantages of EPR and complementary techniques are discussed. Kinetic data on EPR spin trapping reactions and adduct decay are presented.

2012年3月15日 · This article explains why electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is one of the most versatile and useful techniques for investigating free radicals. Easy to use EPR tools are expounded for organic chemists to exploit in researching the structures and reactivities of radicals and as a resource for synthetic planning.

2016年10月15日 · Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy (also known as electron spin resonance, ESR, or electron magnetic resonance, EMR, spectroscopy) is often described as the "gold standard" for the detection and characterisation of radicals in chemical, biological and medical systems.

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has various applications to measure free radicals, in radiation research. Free radicals disintegrate immediately in aqueous environment.