2021年10月1日 · lower left sternal border (LLSB) pansystolic murmur (tricuspid regurgitation and VSD) diastolic murmur (tricuspid stenosis and ASD) mitral valve. apex. systolic murmur (mitral regurgitation) diastolic murmur (mitral stenosis) Murmur Cheat Sheet. Crescendo/Decrescendo. Holosystolic. Systolic. AS (to neck) MVP (click)

2017年7月7日 · Murmurs are additional sounds generated by turbulent blood flow in the heart and blood vessels. Murmurs may be systolic, diastolic or continuous. Systolic murmurs are the most common types of murmurs in children and based on their timing within systole, they …

Approximately 50% of children experience a cardiac murmur at some point in their lives; <1% of these murmurs are attributed to congenital heart disease (CHD). Cardiac murmur might be the first clinical sign of a significant CHD in children.

Before attempting to detect and characterize a systolic murmur, the clinician should define the first and second heart sounds in order to locate systole accurately. Certain clinical features common to all murmurs must be defined in the patient with a systolic murmur.

Physiologic – early systolic, crescendo-decrescendo, heard at LUSB (RV outflow) or LLSB and apex (LV outflow), due to ↑ stroke volume (fever, anemia, thyrotoxicosis, AV fistula, pregnancy or bradycardia)

LLSB in Medical refers to the Left Lower Sternal Border, which is a specific anatomical location used during physical examinations to assess heart sounds and murmurs. This area is significant in diagnosing various cardiac conditions and is often a focal point in clinical practice.

2022年4月7日 · The left mid-sternal border (LMSB) and a site midway between the apex and LLSB should also be utilized for auscultation. Other areas as deemed appropriate for a given clinical scenario should also be used for auscultation.

Ejection systolic (ESM): Murmur audible during ejection, i.e., after S1, ending with/before the corresponding S2; crescendo-decrescendo, peak in mid/late systole. ESM is produced at the outflow tract (pulmonary/aortic) due to obstruction/increased flow across the normal valve. Early systolic: Murmur starts with S1, ending before mid-systole ...

LLSB: Early Systolic Murmur. Early systolic murmurs begin with the first sound and peak in the first third of systole. Early murmors have the greatest intensity in the early part of the cycle. Common causes are a small ventricular septal defect (VSD), or the innocent murmurs of childhood. The latter murmur is normal if the following are present:

2009年12月22日 · Best heard between lower left sternal border (LLSB) and apex, radiating out towards right base; Low pitched, groaning, twanging, early to midsystolic murmur; Decreased by Valsalva or standing; Differential Diagnosis (DDX): hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) or small ventricular septal defect (VSD), aortic defect (AS) Cervical Venous Hum