2024年10月10日 · Focal cortical dysplasias (FCD) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders of cortical formation, which may demonstrate both architectural and proliferative features. They are one of the most common causes of epilepsy and can be associated with hippocampal sclerosis and cortical glioneuronal neoplasms.

There are three types of FCD with subtypes, including type 1a, 1b, 1c, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d, each with distinct histopathological features. [3] [2] All forms of focal cortical dysplasia lead to disorganization of the normal structure of the cerebral cortex: Type 1 FCD exhibits subtle alterations in cortical lamination.

2024年7月28日 · This updated classification added the following pathological classifications: mild malformation of cortical development (mMCD), mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia (MOGHE) and "no definite FCD on histopathology".

In a three-tiered light-microscopical classification proposed by the ILAE, FCD type I is a malformation with abnormal cortical layering, either compromising the radial (FCD type Ia) or the tangential composition of the 6-layered neocortex (FCD type Ib). The combination of both variants is classified as FCD type Ic .

The three-tiered ILAE classification system of Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD) distinguishes isolated forms (FCD Type I and II) from those associated with another principal lesion, i.e. hippocampal sclerosis (FCD Type IIIa), tumors (FCD Type IIIb), vascular malformations (FCD Type IIIc), or lesions acquired during early life (i.e., traumatic ...

2010年11月10日 · Four variants should be distinguished: FCD Type IIIa associated with hippocampal sclerosis; FCD Type IIIb associated with tumors; FCD Type IIIc associated with vascular malformations; and FCD Type IIId associated with …

FCD type II is characterized by cortical disorganization plus abnormal dysmorphic or cytomegalic neurons, with or without balloon cells. Typically presents in the pediatric population as a frequent cause of refractory extratemporal epilepsy.

There are several types of FCD based on the particular microscopic appearance and associated other brain changes. FCD Type I: the brain cells have abnormal organization in horizontal or vertical lines of the cortex.

FCD Type I refers to isolated lesions, which present either as radial (FCD Type Ia) or tangential (FCD Type Ib) dyslamination of the neocortex, microscopically identified in one or multiple lobes. FCD Type II is an isolated lesion characterized by cortical dyslamination and dysmorphic neurons without (Type IIa) or with balloon cells (Type IIb).

The ILAE classification of Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD) from 2011 has quickly gained acceptance in clinical practice and research and is now widely used around the world. This histopathology-based classification scheme proposed three subtypes, that is, FCD Type 1 (with architectural abnormalities …